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Learn PEEL: The Forward Facing Answer Framework

PEEL is how you answer the what would you do and what is your view questions that STARR was never built for. It is State6's framework for the forward facing part of a UK police promotion board: take a Position, ground it in Evidence, Explore the tension, then Lead.

Work top to bottom the first time, then use the contents to jump back to whatever you need. It applies at Sergeant, Inspector and Chief Inspector level.

One thing to get straight first

This PEEL has nothing to do with the HMICFRS PEEL inspection regime. Same four letters, completely different purpose. The inspection grades forces; this is your answer structure for forward facing questions. Do not mix them up on the day.

1

The framework

Why PEEL exists

Every board asks two kinds of question, and most candidates only prepare for one. The first kind is behavioural, the tell me about a time when questions that STARR is built for. The second kind is forward facing: how would you rebuild trust with a community that has lost confidence, or what is your view on stop and search in high crime areas. Our promotion board guide covers the board process itself; this page is about answering that second kind of question.

STARR does not work for these. Candidates who force a past example onto a forward facing question tend to score poorly, because they describe what they did when the panel wants to understand how they think, and the mismatch is obvious to a trained assessor.

PEEL fills that gap. It mirrors how senior leaders actually work through a complex decision: take a clear position, ground it in evidence, engage with the counter argument honestly, then commit to personal action. That sequence reads as senior thinking to any competent panel. A forward facing question usually still maps to a CVF competency or value, so as with STARR, the first job is to spot which one. Some forces have gone further down this road than others, and the Met's future-focused interview is now built entirely around how you would lead, with the CVF underpinning the criteria rather than being the test itself.

STARR or PEEL? A decision rule

Use STARR when the question asks

  • Tell me about a time when
  • Give me an example of
  • Describe a situation where you
  • When have you

Use PEEL when the question asks

  • How would you handle
  • What would you do if
  • What is your view on
  • How should the police approach

If a question is ambiguous, default to PEEL for Inspector and above. You can anchor a PEEL answer with a specific past example in its Evidence, which strengthens it. The Learn STARR page covers the behavioural framework in full.

Decode the question, then pick your evidence

Before you structure anything, two quick steps set you up.

First, find the issue and the value behind it.A forward facing question is usually testing a competency or one of the three values (Courage, Respect and Empathy, Public Service). "What would you do about falling public confidence" leans on Public Service. "How would you handle pressure to drop a line of enquiry" leans on Courage. Naming it tells you what the panel actually wants the answer to show.

Then line up your evidence. Pick two or three named sources you can stand behind, a national one such as HMICFRS or the Casey Review, and a local one such as your own force's inspection or data. Specific and named beats broad and vague every time. Our plain English CVF guide breaks down what each competency and value looks for.

2

The four elements

PEEL stands for Position, Evidence, Explore the tension and Lead. Each element below comes with what it is for, what the panel rewards, a weak and a strong example, and the most common mistake. The examples all run on one question, how to tackle a rise in shop theft, so you can see the answer build.

P: Position

Your view, stated clearly in the first sentence. No hedging.

At Inspector level and above you will regularly have to commit to a view before all the information is in. That is the job. A hedged opening signals a candidate who is not ready for the rank. State your position early and own it, then build the nuance in Evidence and Explore.

What the panel rewards

A clear, early stance the panel can hold on to. They reward a candidate who decides, and mark down one who lists every side and commits to none.

Weak

Well, retail crime is a really complex area and there is a lot to weigh up, so I would want to look at it from a few different angles before I say which way I lean...

Strong

My view is that we have to treat repeat shop theft as the organised, harm causing crime it often is, and stop quietly writing it off as low level.

Common mistake

Burying your position three sentences in. By then the panel has already formed an impression of someone who finds it hard to decide.

E: Evidence

What grounds your view: data, research, current policing reality.

A position without evidence is just an opinion. Boards want to know your thinking is rooted in something real. A couple of strong, named pieces of evidence carry far more weight than a vague nod to research. Be specific, and if you cannot name the source, do not lean on it.

What the panel rewards

Named, specific grounding the panel recognises. They reward HMICFRS, the Casey Review or your own force data, and mark down it is well known that.

Weak

Everyone can see shop theft has gone up a lot lately, and the figures are clearly heading the wrong way.

Strong

The commercial victimisation survey puts shop theft at a record high, and our own analysis shows a small number of prolific offenders drive most of the harm in our town centre.

Common mistake

Vague references to unnamed research. If you cannot name the source, the panel will assume you are guessing.

E: Explore the tension

The strongest counter argument to your position, taken seriously.

Every position worth holding has a credible challenge to it. Acknowledging that challenge and engaging with it honestly is exactly the nuanced judgement panels look for at senior ranks. Do not argue against a weak version of the opposing view. Take on the strongest version of it.

What the panel rewards

Honest engagement with the best counter argument. They reward a candidate who can argue the other side fairly, and mark down a token nod before pressing on regardless.

Weak

I suppose you could argue we have bigger priorities than shoplifting, but honestly I do not buy that, it clearly matters.

Strong

The strongest challenge to me is demand. With finite officers, time spent on shop theft is time taken from something else, and I have to be honest that this is a real trade off, not a free choice.

Common mistake

Treating the tension as a box to tick. Test yourself: could you argue the opposing view convincingly? If not, you have not done it properly.

L: Lead

What you would personally do, in your voice, at your rank.

This is where you stop analysing and start leading, and it is the largest section because it matters most. Describe a specific sequence of actions, not a vague intention, and build in an accountability measure. I would do X, and I would know it was working when I saw Y is far stronger than I would work to improve things.

What the panel rewards

Specific actions in the first person, at your rank, with a way of knowing they worked. They reward I would and mark down we would need to look at.

Weak

The plan would be to get everyone round the table, see what the retailers and the council can bring, and take it from there.

Strong

As an Inspector I would focus on the prolific few rather than the many. I would stand up a named operation against the most active offenders with a single point of contact for the worst affected stores, and I would judge it on charge rates for those offenders rather than on overall recorded theft.

Common mistake

Slipping into passive or collective voice. We would need to look at is not leadership. I would do is.

3

See full answers

Three complete answers, one at each rank, each pitched at the right level of scope. Open the one closest to your board. Every one is built to the proportions this page teaches.

Sergeant level

Officer wellbeing is a growing concern. How would you, as a Sergeant, support the wellbeing of your team?

Position

I think wellbeing support has to be proactive, not reactive. It needs to be built into the rhythm of the team rather than triggered only when someone is visibly struggling. The Sergeant is the single most important factor in whether wellbeing actually happens, because we are the only rank close enough to notice the small changes that matter.

Why it scores: Commits to a clear view in the first sentence and stakes a claim about the Sergeant's role, so the panel knows where you stand before any detail.

Evidence

The National Police Wellbeing Survey, run through Oscar Kilo, consistently shows that officers who feel supported by their immediate supervisor report lower stress and a lower intention to leave, and that the reverse holds for officers who describe their supervisor as distant. The same evidence base is clear that early, informal check ins work better than formal interventions, because by the time someone needs a formal referral the trust to use it has often already gone. In my own experience as an acting Sergeant during a difficult eight week period last year, the officers who came to me for support were almost always those I had already spoken to informally. The ones I had not checked in with did not come forward, even when I could see they were struggling. That taught me something I had not fully understood before: wellbeing is not a programme you deliver, it is a relationship you have already built.

Why it scores: Names a real source instead of waving at research, then grounds it in a specific personal experience, which is what lifts Evidence above opinion.

Explore the tension

The strongest argument against this is that proactive wellbeing support can start to feel like surveillance. Officers can feel monitored when they confide in their supervisor, and there is a legitimate concern that formalising informal conversations damages trust rather than builds it. I have to take that seriously. Some teams, particularly those who have had poor leadership in the past, carry a deep mistrust of management driven wellbeing initiatives, and a well meant approach can land as another box ticking exercise. There is also a workload tension. Ringfencing time for individual conversations across a team of eight to twelve has a real cost, usually to my own admin time or my own rest, and if I do it unsustainably I burn out and become exactly the supervisor I am trying not to be. So the question is not just whether to be proactive, but how to do it in a way that is sustainable and does not feel like monitoring.

Why it scores: Engages two genuine challenges, surveillance and sustainability, and argues them fairly rather than dismissing them, which is the judgement being tested.

Lead

What I would do is build short, structured one to ones into the shift pattern: fifteen minutes, every four weeks, with each officer. Not performance meetings, not appraisals, a genuine conversation about how they are and what is getting in the way of them doing the job well. I would be transparent from day one that nothing said is recorded or escalated unless they want it to be, because that is the trust foundation and without it none of this works. Alongside the one to ones I would protect two specific behaviours. I would be visible at briefings and handovers, physically present rather than just on the system, because presence signals attention. And I would actively notice and acknowledge good work, because the national wellbeing data shows recognition is the cheapest and most under used wellbeing intervention available. To keep it sustainable I would not try to carry it all myself. I would coach my most experienced constables to keep an eye on the newer ones and to flag early when something seems off, so the support is built into the team rather than resting on me alone. I would measure it by whether officers came to me with problems before they became crises, whether welfare related sickness in my team trended down over six months, and whether officers leaving the team mentioned wellbeing positively on their way out. If those were not moving in six months, I would ask the team directly what would help instead, because wellbeing is not something I can impose on them.

Why it scores: First person and specific, with concrete actions, a sustainability safeguard and three ways of knowing it worked. The longest section, because the marks ride here.

Why this works

Targets We Are Emotionally Aware and Public Service. Position commits early, Evidence is named and personal, the tension is argued fairly on trust and workload, and the Lead is the longest part, first person, with clear measures of success.

630 words, roughly 5 minutes. Position 58, Evidence 155, Explore the tension 160, Lead 257.

Inspector level

Public confidence in policing has declined nationally. What would you do as an Inspector to rebuild trust in your community?

Position

I think rebuilding trust starts with visible, consistent presence and follow through on what we have already promised, not with new initiatives layered on top of broken ones. Communities do not lose faith in policing because we lack ideas. They lose it because we do not deliver what we said we would. Restoring confidence is therefore less about innovation and more about discipline.

Why it scores: A clear, slightly contrarian stance, discipline over innovation, which lands harder than a safe answer.

Evidence

The College of Policing's research on legitimacy finds that procedural fairness, whether people believe officers treat them with respect and whether they feel listened to, is one of the strongest drivers of public confidence, and the Crime Survey for England and Wales tracks how that confidence has moved over time. The Casey Review documented how trust collapses when communities see no accountability for previous failings. Locally, our 2024 HMICFRS PEEL inspection called out inconsistent neighbourhood engagement as a driver of declining confidence, particularly in our most deprived areas, where confidence scores have fallen by nine percentage points over three years. That same legitimacy research points to a wider pattern: it is not the dramatic incidents that drive long term confidence, it is the cumulative effect of thousands of small interactions where the public either feels respected or does not. The pattern across these sources is consistent. Process matters more than outcome, and consistency matters more than ambition.

Why it scores: Named sources, national and local, drawn to one consistent conclusion. That breadth is what a board wants behind a view.

Explore the tension

The legitimate challenge to my position is that we are under genuine resource pressure, and visible presence costs officer time we do not have. Anyone arguing the opposite would say we should focus on response times and detection rates, because that is what is measured, that is what HMICFRS reports on, and that is where political pressure sits. I take that seriously. There is no point being visible if we are failing on the core service, and I have sat in enough silver meetings to know that abstracting officers to neighbourhood engagement has real operational costs. There is a harder challenge underneath that one too: the communities with the lowest trust are often those where more police presence is itself contested, and more officers on the street can be experienced as harassment rather than reassurance where the relationship is fraught. My position has to be defended in two directions, resourcing and legitimacy. I would argue the two are connected, though. Communities that do not trust us do not report crime, which makes detection harder, which makes confidence worse, which deepens the resource problem. Breaking that cycle starts with how we show up, not how often.

Why it scores: Defends the position against resourcing and legitimacy at the same time, then connects them, which shows genuine depth rather than a token nod.

Lead

As an Inspector, my first action would be to audit what we have already promised the community in the last two years and find out which commitments we actually delivered. I suspect that exercise alone would be uncomfortable, and that is exactly why it has to come first, because nothing I do next has credibility until I have reckoned with what came before. Then I would publish a quarterly accountability statement, jointly with my neighbourhood team commanders, showing exactly what we said and what we did, and I would take it to community forums in person rather than delegate it. I would also make sure every public commitment we make from here on has a named owner and a date, so we stop generating the very promises we then fail to keep. Inside the team I would ringfence neighbourhood engagement hours and protect them from response abstraction unless authorised at Superintendent level, because that is the only way the protection actually holds. I would also invest specifically in our newer officers' interaction skills, since the legitimacy research shows it is the small everyday encounters that drive long term confidence and those encounters are mostly carried by our newest people. I would measure success on trust scores in our local survey, neighbourhood meeting attendance, and reported feeling of safety in our most deprived wards, and I would review monthly with the Chief Inspector. If the numbers were not moving in six months I would not double down, I would go back to the community and ask what I was getting wrong, because trust is something they grant us, not something we deliver to them.

Why it scores: Opens with an uncomfortable, credible first move and runs across teams with built in accountability, pitched at Inspector scope rather than one team.

Why this works

Targets Public Service, visible in the accountability statement and the protected neighbourhood hours. A clear stance, named sources drawn to one conclusion, an honest two sided tension, and a Lead that starts with reckoning and ends on accountability.

688 words, roughly 5 minutes. Position 63, Evidence 157, Explore the tension 195, Lead 273.

Chief Inspector level

Forces are moving to Right Care Right Person so that police stop attending many mental health calls. How would you, as a Chief Inspector, lead that shift in your area without leaving vulnerable people at risk?

Position

My view is that Right Care Right Person is the right direction, but only if we treat it as a partnership handover we are accountable for, not a withdrawal we are entitled to. Done well it gets people the right help and frees officers for police work. Done as a cost cut dressed up as reform, it transfers risk onto people who cannot carry it, and the harm, and the blame, come straight back to us.

Why it scores: Backs the reform but reframes it as accountable partnership, which is exactly the senior judgement the question is testing.

Evidence

The national picture is clear that much of the demand reaching the police is not really a policing problem. The College of Policing and the National Police Chiefs' Council have both set out that a substantial share of calls involve mental health or social care needs the police are not best placed to meet, which is the premise the Right Care Right Person agreement is built on. HMICFRS has repeatedly found that people in crisis are failed when agencies argue about whose responsibility they are. The early adopter forces show the lesson runs both ways: where the health pathways were genuinely in place first, demand fell and outcomes held up; where the police simply stopped attending before partners were ready, vulnerable people were left without a response and the coronial and IOPC risk landed straight back on policing. Our own threshold data and partnership maturity vary a lot across my area, so a single switch off date would be safe in some places and dangerous in others.

Why it scores: Handles a contested topic with no single clean statistic by naming who has set out the premise, rather than inventing a figure.

Explore the tension

The strongest challenge to a cautious approach is that demand is now so heavy that waiting for perfect partnerships means never starting, and every month we delay is officer time lost from frontline policing. I take that seriously, because the operational pressure is real and the public also expect us to be available for crime. There is a harder ethical tension underneath it. If I hold back, I am arguably keeping the police as the service of last resort, which entrenches exactly the over reliance the reform is meant to end, and which is not fair on the people who deserve a proper health response rather than a police one. So the honest tension is not whether to do this, it is how to move fast enough to relieve genuine pressure while moving carefully enough that no one in crisis falls through a gap I created. I cannot fully resolve that, but I can manage it deliberately rather than pretend it is not there.

Why it scores: A genuine ethical dilemma, fairness to people in crisis against operational pressure, not a soft tension chosen because it is easy to dismiss.

Lead

As a Chief Inspector I would not set one switch off date across the area. I would lead it pathway by pathway, starting only where the health response is evidenced as in place, and keeping the police response live everywhere else until it is. My first move would be to agree a shared risk threshold with our mental health trust and ambulance partners in writing, so the decision to decline a call is a joint clinical one, not a unilateral police one, and I would put a senior clinician into our control room decision making rather than leave call handlers to carry it alone. I would build a simple safety net: any call we decline is reviewed within twenty four hours, and any adverse outcome is reviewed jointly, so we learn quickly rather than after a death. I would brief my Inspectors and Sergeants myself on the difference between a handover and an abandonment, because the culture risk is that pressure to reduce demand quietly becomes pressure to say no. I would also agree an explicit route back to police attendance for any case where the partner response fails on the day, so the safety net is real and not just a review after the event. I would hold myself accountable to the Superintendent on whether declined calls were genuinely picked up by the right service, whether our own response times to crime improved as demand shifted, and whether any vulnerable person came to harm in a gap. If the harm measure moved the wrong way, I would slow the rollout in that pathway without apology, because the point of the reform is better care, not less responsibility.

Why it scores: Organisational in scope, sequenced, with a real safety net and an escalation route, and it ends willing to slow down on principle.

Why this works

Targets Public Service and Courage, visible in refusing a blanket switch off and being willing to slow a pathway on principle. Organisational scope throughout, a genuine dilemma rather than a soft one, and a Lead with a real safety net.

685 words, roughly 5 minutes. Position 76, Evidence 167, Explore the tension 164, Lead 278.

4

Scoring and timing

How each element is scored

In the standard national process a forward facing answer is marked from 1 to 5 against the competency or value the question targets; the Met's future-focused interview uses its own 1 to 4 potential scale. State6 scores your answer the way your force marks. As a rough guide for each PEEL element on the national scale:

1 to 2

Red. Hedged, unsupported, or passive.

3

Amber. Present but thin, or slips into we.

4 to 5

Green. Clear stance, named evidence, first person Lead.

Most of the marks ride on the Lead, because that is where you show what you would actually do, which is why it is also the longest section. The AI Board Review scores each element and names what it evidenced, so you can see where an answer sits and what would lift it.

Timing and proportions

Aim for around 700 words, roughly 5 minutes at a steady speaking pace. Anchor on the word count and time yourself, rather than watching the clock while you speak.

Position

50 to 80 words

One or two decisive sentences. State your view, do not hedge.

Evidence

150 to 200 words

Two or three specific, named pieces of evidence.

Explore the tension

150 to 200 words

Genuine engagement with the strongest counter argument.

Lead

250 to 300 words

The biggest section. A sequence of actions with built in accountability.

Five minutes feels long until you practise it out loud. The most common error is rushing. Slow down and pause between sections. A confident pause is a marker of rank, not hesitation.

5

Common failures

Common failure modes

Hedging in the Position. Take a stance. Even if it is tentative, commit to it.

Vague evidence. If you cannot name the source, you have an assertion, not evidence.

Taking on a weak version of the counter argument. Engage with the strongest version of the opposing view.

Passive Lead. We would need to consider is not leadership. I would do X is.

Wrong rank voice. Match your voice to the rank you are targeting, not the one you hold.

Forgetting accountability. I would do X, and I would know it was working when I saw Y is far stronger.

Rushing the answer. Pauses are part of confident delivery, not gaps to fill.

Padding to reach five minutes. A tight four minute answer beats a padded five minute one.

6

Practise next

Build your evidence

Forward facing answers live or die on evidence, so prepare a small bank of named sources you can reach for under pressure. A handful of national references (HMICFRS, the Casey Review, the Crime Survey, College of Policing legitimacy work) plus your own force's inspection picture will cover most questions a board can ask.

Want forward facing questions to practise on? The free question bank has situational questions for every CVF area across all three ranks, free to download.

Ready to practise?

Reading about PEEL only takes you so far. In State6 you write an answer, get it scored by the AI Board Review, then say it out loud against a timer. The cadence and the transitions between sections only come through spoken practice.

You can also build your first answer free before you buy, no card needed.

PEEL is a skill, not a script. The first few answers feel mechanical. By your fifth or sixth, the structure becomes second nature, and you sound like a leader thinking clearly under pressure.

Common questions

What is the PEEL framework for police promotion boards?

PEEL is State6's forward-facing answer framework for UK police promotion boards. It stands for Position, Evidence, Explore the tension and Lead, and it is built for the how would you and what is your view questions that STARR was never designed for. It applies at Sergeant, Inspector and Chief Inspector level.

What does PEEL stand for in police promotion preparation?

PEEL stands for Position, Evidence, Explore the tension and Lead. Position is your view stated clearly in the first sentence, Evidence is the data and research that grounds it, Explore the tension is honest engagement with the strongest counter argument, and Lead is what you would personally do at your rank.

Is the PEEL framework the same as the HMICFRS PEEL inspection?

No. This PEEL has nothing to do with the HMICFRS PEEL inspection regime. They share the same four letters but have completely different purposes: the inspection grades forces, whereas this PEEL is your answer structure for forward facing questions at a promotion board.

When should I use PEEL instead of STARR in a police promotion board?

Use STARR for behavioural questions that ask you to describe a past example, such as tell me about a time when or give me an example of. Use PEEL for forward facing questions such as how would you handle, what would you do if, or what is your view on. If a question is ambiguous, default to PEEL for Inspector and above.

How long should a PEEL answer be at a police promotion board?

Aim for around 700 words, roughly 5 minutes at a steady speaking pace. The Lead is the biggest section at 250 to 300 words because most of the marks ride on what you would actually do, while Position is the shortest at 50 to 80 words. Anchor on the word count and time yourself rather than watching the clock as you speak.

How is a PEEL answer scored at a police promotion board?

In the standard national process a forward facing answer is marked from 1 to 5 against the competency or value the question targets; the Met's future-focused interview uses its own 1 to 4 potential scale. State6 scores your answer the way your force marks. On the national scale a clear stance, named evidence and a first person Lead score in the green band of 4 to 5, while hedged, unsupported or passive answers fall into the red band of 1 to 2. Most of the marks ride on the Lead, which is why it is also the longest section.